Ahead of the stormâs landfall, the province of Zhejiang near Shanghai raised its emergency response to the highest level, closing schools and suspending flights and rail ⦠Shanghai traduit l'envol économique de la Chine. Ils façonnèrent les rues à leur goût, mêlant les styles néogothique, classique, victorien, Art déco... La chanteuse et actrice Zhou Xuan, fille de Weiwei Wang, était sans doute la figure la plus emblématique de cette période. Other ring roads in Shanghai include Middle Ring Road, Outer Ring Expressway, and Shanghai Ring Expressway. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Les autres secteurs manufacturiers importants comprennent la fabrication de produits chimiques et pharmaceutiques, les véhicules (notamment des navires), les machines, l'acier, le papier et les produits d'impression. Cheng Xiaoqing (zh) est quant à lui le premier écrivain spécialisé dans le genre policier, avec son héros Huosang, imitation de Sherlock Holmes[42]. Many national expressways (prefixed with the letter G) pass through or end in Shanghai, including Jinghu Expressway (overlaps with Hurong Expressway), Shenhai Expressway, Hushaan Expressway, Huyu Expressway, Hukun Expressway (overlaps with Hangzhou Bay Ring Expressway), and Shanghai Ring Expressway. Un lectorat nombreux dû à un taux d'alphabétisation élevé favorisait le développement de la littérature populaire. [65] The provincial-level Municipality of Shanghai administers both the estuary and many of its surrounding islands. [29] Fishermen living in the Shanghai area then created a fish tool called the hù, which lent its name to the outlet of Suzhou Creek north of the Old City and became a common nickname and abbreviation for the city. Following a 45-year dormancy after the founding of the PRC in 1949, the club was re-established in 1994 by expatriates living in the city and has since grown to over 300 members. En revanche, c'est avec un personnage ordinaire, dans une histoire romantique et mélancolique, que Wang Anyi trace un portrait de la ville entre 1945 et 1985 : son roman Le Chant des regrets éternels (1995) est considéré comme l'un des meilleurs romans jamais écrits sur Shanghai. Avec le traité du Bogue, en 1843, et le traité sino-américain de Wangxia, en 1844, des nations étrangères ont eu le droit de s'établir sur le territoire chinois : c'est le début des concessions étrangères. Most inbound flights were canceled, and more than 50 flights at Pudong International Airport were diverted. Shanghai comprend de nombreux parcs et jardins, par exemple: En 2019, le métro de Shanghai comprend 15 lignes (lignes 1 à 13 et ligne 16 et 17)[51]. Au début des années 1990, en une décennie, la « Perle de l'Orient » est redevenue un centre économique de première importance, qui compte en 2005 pour 20 % de la production industrielle nationale pour seulement 1,5 % de la population. In recent years, cycling has seen a resurgence in popularity due to the emergence of a large number of dockless app-based bicycle-sharing systems, such as Mobike, Bluegogo, and ofo. En février 1943, le gouvernement du Royaume-Uni signa avec la République de Chine un traité acceptant le principe d'une rétrocession. Pudong skyline at night, Shanghai, China. [45] Headed by a Chinese mayor and municipal council, the new city government's first task—the Greater Shanghai Plan—was to create a new city center in Jiangwan town of Yangpu district, outside the boundaries of the foreign concessions. Plusieurs églises catholiques sont situées à l'intérieur de la ville, comme la cathédrale Saint-Ignace, l'église Saint-Joseph, l'église Saint-François-Xavier, l'église orthodoxe Saint-Nicolas, l'église Sainte-Thérèse-de-l'Enfant-Jésus et l'église Saint-Pierre, mais également assez loin en dehors de l'agglomération, avec la basilique de She Shan, lieu de pèlerinage marial fort fréquenté. C’est le cas pour Chen Liangyu depuis le XVIe Congrès du Parti communiste chinois. Au tournant des années 1980, la ville a repris son développement à la suite des réformes économiques initiées par Deng Xiaoping. Avant cela, le 3 décembre 2002, la métropole chinoise a été désignée pour organiser l'Exposition universelle de 2010, qui se tient donc, pour la première fois depuis 151 ans, dans un pays en voie de développement. [198] Among all senior high schools, the four with the best teaching quality—Shanghai High School, No. The Lujiazui finance and trade zone as well as modern business complexes—including the 88-story Jin Mao Tower (completed 1999), the 101-story Shanghai World Financial Center (completed 2008), and the 128-story Shanghai Tower (completed 2015)—are now located there, and the Pudong New District was established in the area in 1993. La plus grande aciérie de Chine, et l'une des plus modernes, se situe à Baoshan, en bord de mer. Quelques acteurs/actrices shanghainais connus en Chine : Quelques autres films où le décor (réel) de Shanghai à diverses époques joue un rôle majeur : En revanche, non seulement La Dame de Shanghai, d'Orson Welles (1946), ne se déroule pas à Shanghai, mais le rapport du film avec la ville est on ne peut plus lointain. Noël Coward rédige en 1930 Private Lives. Shanghai has been described as the "showpiece" of the booming economy of China. [27], The western part of modern-day Shanghai was inhabited 6000 years ago. Sahr Johnny, "Cybercity – Sahr Johnny's Shanghai Dream", Largest cities or municipalities in the People's Republic of China, Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Site of the First National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, city in the world with the most skyscrapers, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, List of administrative divisions of Shanghai, List of township-level divisions of Shanghai, Government of the People's Republic of China, International Congress and Convention Association, List of universities and colleges in Shanghai, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai International Studies University, Chinese–foreign joint education institutes, China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong, China Europe International Business School, Program for International Student Assessment, No. The GAIA air quality monitoring stations are using high-tech laser particle sensors to measure in real-time PM2.5 pollution, which is one of the most harmful air pollutants. À cause du changement du littoral, les historiens chinois ont conclu que durant la dynastie Tang, Shanghai était littéralement sur la mer, d'où l'origine du nom[10]. The Suzhou River (the lower reach of Wusong River) and the Huangpu River (a tributary of the Yangtze), which flow through the city, are severely polluted from industrial discharges, domestic sewage, and ships’ wastes; nonetheless, the Huangpu is Shanghai’s main water source. Redolent with historical, cultural, and political significance, it is one of the worldâs great cities. Shanghai est alors redevenue la fenêtre de la Chine sur le monde. The People's Square park, located in the heart of downtown Shanghai, is especially well known for its proximity to other major landmarks in the city. Il est ensuite devenu Secrétaire du Parti de la Municipalité autonome en octobre 2002, à la place de Huang Ju. Au début de la guerre anti-japonaise en 1937, l'université est transférée à Chongqing, à l'intérieur de la Chine. Since the 1960s, many tram lines were either dismantled or replaced by trolleybus or motorbus lines;[211] the last tram line was demolished in 1975. Ce retour au passé est aussi l'occasion d'un exotisme facile, fait de sexe et de violence, dont les romans Mengui (Shanghai Triad) de Li Xiao et Shanghai wangshi (Les Triades de Shanghai, inspiré du précédent) de Bi Feiyu sont des exemples. In this adventurous, original book, NPR correspondent Frank Langfitt describes how he created a free taxi service--offering rides in exchange for illuminating conversation--to go beyond the headlines and get to know a wide range of colorful ... [123] Shanghai's six largest industries—retail, finance, IT, real estate, machine manufacturing, and automotive manufacturing—comprise about half the city's GDP. Sur les dix nouvelles lignes de métro qui desserviront Shanghai en 2012, cinq passeront par ce district. Hù (沪) est dérivé de Hu Du (沪渎), le nom de l'ancien village de pêche qui se tenait pendant la dynastie Tang au confluent de la Suzhou et du Huangpu[10]. Other Jewish refugees found haven in Shanghai, not through Sugihara, but came on ships from Italy. Chapter 4 – Population, A Description of the Oriental Library Before and After the Destruction by Japanese on February 1, 1932, "149 comfort women houses discovered in Shanghai", "GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2020", "Tracking the rapid loss of tidal wetlands in the Yellow Sea". [169] Other forms of Christianity in Shanghai include Eastern Orthodox minorities and, since 1996, registered Christian Protestant churches. Par exemple, l'attaque japonaise de Shanghai en août 1937 est communément appelée « bataille de Songhu ». Jean-Marc F. Blanchard "China’s Maritime Silk Road Initiative and South Asia" (2019). [83], The shikumen is a cultural blend of elements found in Western architecture with traditional Jiangnan Chinese architecture and social behavior. La population de la municipalité de Shanghai est de 27 058 479 habitants. The head of the family Silas Hardoon, who was one of the richest people in the world during the 1800s, financed Nanjing Road, which then housed department stores in the International Settlement but now is one of the busiest shopping centers in the world. Catholicism was brought into Shanghai in 1608 by Italian missionary Lazzaro Cattaneo. The Shanghai cricket team played various international matches between 1866 and 1948. 3Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Around 9,500 license plates are auctioned each month, and the average price is about CN¥89,600 (US$12,739) in 2019. [249] Haipai culture emerged after Shanghai became a prosperous port in the early 20th century, with numerous foreigners from Europe, America, Japan, and India moving into the city. [140] In August 2014, fDi magazine named Shanghai the "Chinese Province of the Future 2014/15" due to "particularly impressive performances in the Business Friendliness and Connectivity categories, as well as placing second in the Economic Potential and Human Capital and Lifestyle categories". nécessaire] Un autre problème est le chômage, qui est supérieur à Shanghai par rapport à d'autres grandes villes du pays.[réf. Sanmao was created to dramatize the chaos created by the Second Sino-Japanese War. It includes the 18 districts constituting the city of Shanghai and several islands in the mouth of the Yangtze and offshore to the southeast in the East China Sea. Ainsi, après l'adhésion à l'OMC de la République populaire de Chine, la conférence de l'APEC en 2001 a réduit progressivement les droits à l'importation. Smoking in China is prevalent, as the People's Republic of China is the world's largest consumer and producer of tobacco: there are 350 million Chinese smokers, and China produces 42% of the world's cigarettes. Found inside – Page 174Li Qiang worked directly under Xi from 2004 to 2007 as chief of staff for the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee. Li was born in 1959 in Rui'an County, ... [229][230] As of October 2019[update], the two railways have been integrated into two main railways in China: Beijing–Shanghai railway and Shanghai–Kunming railway, respectively. Le quartier historique de la concession française, autour de l'actuelle rue Huaihai, est transformé en quartier tendance, notamment autour de Xintiandi ou encore Tianzifang. La ville y est aussi présentée comme la capitale d'un monde déchu. [303], On 21 September 2017, Shanghai hosted a National Hockey League (NHL) ice hockey exhibition game in an effort to increase fan interest for the 2017–18 NHL season.[304]. [28] During the Spring and Autumn period (approximately 771 to 476 BC), it belonged to the Kingdom of Wu, which was conquered by the Kingdom of Yue, which in turn was conquered by the Kingdom of Chu. Avec le déclenchement de la guerre sino-japonaise (1937), les écrivains sont nombreux à quitter Shanghai. (2017). Ils innovent dans le domaine des techniques et procédés littéraires, s'inspirant du cinéma et d'exemples venus du Japon ou d'Occident. Shanghai est également appelée Shēnchéng (申城, « la cité de Shēn »). He obtained his PhD from the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC) in 2001 under the supervision of Prof. Li-Xin Dai before doing postdoctoral studies with Prof. Jeffery W. Kelly at The Scripps Research Institute. The French opted out of the Shanghai Municipal Council and maintained its own concession to the south and southwest. Prof. Shu-Li You was born in 1975 in Luohe, Henan province, China, and received his BSc in chemistry from Nankai University in 1996. [204] The train can complete the 30-kilometer (19 mi) journey between Longyang Road Station and Pudong International Airport in 7 minutes 20 seconds,[205] comparing to 32 minutes by Metro Line 2[206] and 30 minutes by car. On 27 May 1949, the People's Liberation Army took control of Shanghai through the Shanghai Campaign. At the time, most of the city's residents were immigrants from the two adjacent provinces, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, so Shanghainese was mostly a hybrid between Southern Jiangsu and Ningbo dialects. [323] The effect of the policy was significant. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [301], Shanghai is the host of several international sports events. The city was one of five treaty ports forced to open to European trade after the First Opium War. The Sassoons amassed great wealth in the opium and textile trades, cementing their status by funding many of the buildings that have become iconic in Shanghai's skyline, such as the Cathay Hotel in 1929. Although currently making up a fraction of the religious population in Shanghai, Jewish people have played an influential role in the city’s history. The city is located on the coast of the East China Sea between the mouth of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) to the north and the bay of Hangzhou to the south. He met an old man by the seashore. [174], The vernacular language spoken in the city is Shanghainese, a dialect of the Taihu Wu subgroup of the Wu Chinese family. Les huit années d'occupation, puis la victoire, en 1949, de Mao Zedong sur les troupes du général Tchang Kaï-chek précipitèrent le déclin de la ville. [292], Shanghai is home to several soccer teams, including two in the Chinese Super League: Shanghai Shenhua[293] and Shanghai Port. Les équipes sportives et les journaux utilisent souvent le sinogramme Shēn (申) dans leurs noms. [59], As the industrial center of China with the most skilled industrial workers, Shanghai became a center for radical leftism during the 1950s and 1960s. cSeparate state-planning cities. [294] China's top-tier basketball team, the Shanghai Sharks of the Chinese Basketball Association, developed Yao Ming before he entered the NBA. Shanghai Express of China-Europe freight line to leave . The city’s maritime location fosters a mild climate characterized by minimal seasonal contrast. The Chinese telecom giant had raised 47.1 billion yuan ($7.3 billion) in its Shanghai offering. [291] The event is hosted by the Shanghai Municipal Government and supported by the People's Republic Ministry of Commerce. [182][183][184][185] These universities were selected as "985 universities" or "211 universities" by the Chinese government in order to build world-class universities.[186][187]. [317][318] On 6 December 2013, levels of PM2.5 particulate matter in Shanghai rose above 600 micrograms per cubic meter and in the surrounding area, above 700 micrograms per cubic meter. Found inside – Page 12The chapter will conclude that the severe water pollution in Shanghai is still a ... markets in Zhejiang Province, Jiangsu Province and further hinterlands. Ning -kong -jow to Haou -long. P 2. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. [49] These Shanghai Russians constituted the second-largest foreign community. La ville possède également plusieurs clubs sportifs professionnels qui évoluent dans les principales compétitions sportives du pays : La ville a longtemps été l'un des principaux centres de production textile de la République populaire de Chine. [81] Each residence is connected and arranged in straight alleys, known as longtang[f] (弄堂). Found inside – Page 67( By Chen Guoming ( 7115 0948 2494 ) : “ Fujian Province ' s Taiwan ... SHE headline ) Meets Shanghai Officials OW1407025991 Shanghai People ' s Radio ... L'épisode le plus fameux de la brutalité de la répression du Guomindang envers les écrivains engagés est celui de l'exécution de cinq écrivains communistes, les cinq martyrs de la Ligue des écrivains de gauche, en 1931[44],[45]. Le 26 février 2002, Chen Liangyu (46 ans) a été élu maire de Shanghai par les délégués de la cinquième session du 11e Congrès du peuple de la Municipalité de la grande métropole de l'Est de la Chine. The city is located on the coast of the East China Sea between the mouth of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) to the north and the Après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, elle revient de nouveau à Shanghai, en 1946. The race is staged annually at the Shanghai International Circuit. Shanghai was one of the first Chinese ports to be opened to Western trade, and it long dominated the nation’s commerce. [209] By 1925, there were 328 tramcars and 14 routes operated by Chinese, French, and British companies collaboratively,[210] all of which were nationalized after the PRC's victory in 1949. La Ligue des écrivains de gauche est ainsi créée en 1930, sous l'égide de Lu Xun. Drama appeared in missionary schools in Shanghai in the late 19th century. [54] The foreign concessions were ultimately occupied by the Japanese on 8 December 1941 and remained occupied until Japan's surrender in 1945; multiple war crimes were committed during that time.[55]. According to the International Congress and Convention Association, Shanghai hosted 82 international meetings in 2018, a 34% increase from 61 in 2017. The house is similar to western-style terrace houses or townhouses, but distinguishes by the tall, heavy brick wall and archway in front of each house. 3)", "WTTC reveals the world's best performing tourism cities", "Revealed: World's top 10 cities with the most five-star hotels", National Academy for Educational Research, Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China, "Lodi News-Sentinel - Google News Archive Search", The Life and Campaigns of Hugh, First Viscount Gough, Field-Marshal, The Middle Kingdom: A Survey of the Geography, Government, Literature, Social Life, Arts, and History of the Chinese Empire and its Inhabitants, "Shanghai: Global financial center? [43] Workers in the city then launched general strikes against imperialism, which became nationwide protests that gave rise to Chinese nationalism. By the 1990s, economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping a decade earlier resulted in an intense redevelopment of the city, especially the Pudong New Area, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment. [134], Shanghai is a global financial center, ranking third (after New York and London) in the 28th edition of the Global Financial Centres Index (ranking first in whole Asia and the Pacific),[135] published in September 2020 by Z/Yen and China Development Institute. Of an important historical work, à la place de Huang Ju [ 301,! With traditional Jiangnan Chinese architecture and social behavior First Opium War had 47.1. [ 43 ] Workers in the city then launched general strikes against imperialism, which became nationwide that. Late 19th century more at www.forgottenbooks.com this book is a reproduction of an historical! 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